<def-root>These are words referring to control by a <fen>Leader</fen> over a particular entity or group (the <fen>Governed</fen>) or an <fen>Activity</fen>. The frame contains both nouns referring to a title or position (e.g. <ment>director, king, president</ment>), and verbs describing the action of leadership (e.g. <ment>rule, reign</ment>). With verbs, it is possible to mention the <fen>Role</fen> played by the <fen>Leader</fen> (often a name of a leading position, e.g., <ment>king</ment>)
<ex><fex name="lea">Sebek em hat</fex> <m>was</m> a <t>Leader</t> <fex name="gov">of Priests</fex>. ca. 1780 BC</ex>
<ex><fex name="Time">In 1789</fex> <fex name="Leader">Fletcher Christian</fex> <t>led</t> <fex name="Activity">the mutiny on HMS Bounty</fex></ex>
<ex><fex name="Leader">Louis XIV</fex> <t>ruled</t> <fex name="Governed">over his people</fex> <fex name="Role">as king</fex> <fex name="Duration">for the longest period of any European monarch</fex>.</ex>
Compare to: Appellations. </def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Leader</fen> is the one who has the role of leading. With verbs, and with predicate nominals linking an individual to a <fen>Role</fen>, the <fen>Leader</fen> is usually the External Argument:
<ex><fex name="Leader">King Hussein</fex> <t>ruled</t> Jordan.</ex>
<ex><fex name="Leader">Hussein</fex> was <t>King</t> of Jordan.</ex>
With leadership nouns, the frame element <fen>Leader</fen> is most frequently instantiated by the target itself.
<ex>The <fex name="Leader"><t>queen</t></fex> announced her upcoming visit to Belgium.</ex> </def-root>
<def-root>The role played by the <fen>Leader</fen> in a given situation, often an official title; incorporated in most noun LUsin this frame. When expressed separately from the target, <fen>Role</fen> usually occurs in a PP Complement headed by <ment>as</ment>.
<ex>Hussein <t>reigned</t> <fex name="Role">as King of Jordan</fex></ex></def-root>
<def-root>Leadership by any particular individual is frequently limited in time, which is noted here as <fen>Duration</fen>. <fen>Duration</fen> usually occurs in a PP Complement.
<ex>She <t>reigned</t> <fex name="Duration">for 3 years</fex>.</ex> </def-root>
<def-root><fen>Depictive</fen> refers to that which describes one of the participants in the leadership relationship.
<ex>He <t>led</t> them for a thousand years, <fex name="Dep">strong, bold, and deathless</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root><fen>Manner</fen> refers to the style/way in which the leadership is asserted.
<ex>Alternative and orthodox practitioners <t>reign</t> <fex name="Manner">harmoniously</fex> <fex name="Manner">side by side</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root><fen>Means</fen> identifies act(s) performed by the <fen>Leader</fen> through which leadership is maintained.
<ex>He <t>ruled</t> <fex name="Mns">by sheer brutality and intimidation</fex>.</ex>
<ex>Napolean <t>reigned</t> <fex name="Mns">by the grace of God and the will of the people</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Degree</fen> to which leadership is asserted.</def-root>
<def-root><fen>Time</fen> refers to the point in time that the leadership took place.
<ex>The general <t>led</t> his troops into battle <fex name="Time">on June 22, 1883</fex>.</ex>
</def-root>
<def-root>The entity whose actions or beliefs the <fen>Leader</fen> directs in the context of a joint activity or movement. This entity can be a political body, a person, or a group of people.
<ex>Cyprus Turks turn against <fex name="gov">their</fex> <t>leader</t></ex>
<ex>Naoto Kan is the new <t>leader</t> <fex name="gov">of the Democratic Party of Japan</fex>.</ex>
<ex>King Hussein <t>ruled</t> <fex name="gov">Jordan</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Descriptor</fen> is a temporary condition of the <fen>Leader</fen>.
<ex>A <fex name="des">nervous</fex> <t>governor</t> stepped up to the lectern to give his speech.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>This FE indicates what subtype of the general category the <fen>Leader</fen> belongs to.</def-root>
<def-root>The relevant <fen>Domain</fen> within which the <fen>Leader</fen> rules. This includes a specification of a country that the <fen>Leader</fen> serves (Iranian <t>officials</t>) or any other organizations that the <fen>Leader</fen> acts as part of (congressional <t>representative</t>; several <t>directors</t> from UNHCR).</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Leader</fen> directs the <fen>Activity</fen>.
<ex>The captain's cousin <t>led</t> <fex name="Activity">the mutiny</fex>.</ex>
<ex>John Cage is one of the <t>leaders</t> <fex name="Activity">of the minimalist music movement</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The locale from which the <fen>Leader</fen> leads the <fen>Governed</fen> or the <fen>Activity</fen>.
<ex>He <t>ruled</t> the west <fex name="Place">from his palace in Milan</fex>.</ex></def-root>
Political_locales
Appellations
COD: a senior member of the Christian clergy, usually in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
COD: a person who is in charge of an employee or organization.
FN: the person in command (of a ship, airplane, sports team, etc).
COD: a person in charge of a meeting, committee, company, or other organization.
COD: a chairman or chairwoman (used as a neutral alternative).
COD: the head of an organization.
COD: the leader of a people or clan.
COD: be in charge of.
COD: an officer in charge of a particular force or institution.
COD: a person in authority, especially in a military context.
COD: person who is in charge of an activity, department, or organization.
COD: the ruler of an empire.
COD: a commander of an army, or an army officer ranking above lieutenant general.
COD: conduct the policy and affairs of (a state, organization, or people).
FN: head of a public institution or a state, district, etc.
COD: a person in charge; a director or leader.
COD: be or act as the head of.
COD: the person who leads prayers in a mosque.
COD: the male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
COD: be in charge or command of.
COD: the person who leads, commands, or precedes a group, organization, or country.
COD: the elected head of the municipal corporation of a city or borough.
COD: a head of a government department.
COD: a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.
COD: a Prime Minister or other head of government.
COD: be in a position of authority in a meeting, court, etc; be in charge of (a situation).
COD: the elected head of a republican state.
FN: the head or senior person in an organization or group, especially a school or collge.
COD: the female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
COD: rule as monarch.
COD: exercise ultimate power over (a people or nation).
COD: a person or agent exercising government or dominion.
COD: be in charge of; manage or organize.
COD: a title of the former monarch of Iran.
COD: a supreme ruler, especially a monarch.
COD: a Muslim sovereign. .
FN: a person serving in the place of or as a deputy for the captain
FN: a person deputizing for a chairman and serving in his place during his absence or indisposition
COD: an official or executive ranking below and deputizing for a president.
FN: an officer ranking immediately below a principal and serving as his/her deputy
COD: a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.
COD: the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad
COD: a sovereign or state having some control over another state that is internally autonomous
COD: a subordinate or local ruler
FN: a leader in charge of a church or other institution
COD: chiefly Brit. a male head teacher.
COD: the most respected or prominent person in a particular field.
COD: (feminine) the most respected or prominent person in a particular field
COD: the female ruler of an empire, or the wife/widow of an emperor
COD: historical an Indian prince
COD: an emperor of Russia before 1917
COD: an empress of Russia before 1917
COD: an Arab leader, especially the chief or head of a tribe, family, or village
COD: high official in some Muslim countries, especially in Turkey under Ottoman rule
FN: the wife/widow of a duke, or a woman holding a rank equivalent to duke
COD: a title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, and certain other Muslim countries.
COD: the title of the viceroy of Egypt under Turkish rule 1867-1914
COD: the German Emperor, the Emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
COD: The title of a Turkish officer of high rank.
COD: A ruler, especially a feudal lord.
FN: a member of the lowest order in British nobility, or a powerful person in business or industry
COD: a ruler with total power over a country
COD: a person holding public office or having official duties.
COD: the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign or state.
COD: a person or organization exerting control in a particular political or administrative sphere.
FN: The leader of a criminal organization which traffics in illegal drugs
FN: the collective powers that govern a political entity, conceptualized as a legal person.
COD: a country viewed in terms of its international influence and military strength
FN: of or pertaining to a president
COD: a government, especially an authoritarian one.
COD: the chief executive of a large organization.
COD: authority, especially over armed forces.
FN: command, control.
COD: political authority or control.
COD: control or government.
FN: a priest with authority over a large number of people.
COD: an official representing a country abroad.
FN: the group within government that makes laws.
FN: a male official who is a member of congress, and especially of the US House of Representatives
FN: the elected official or officials
FN: a legislative body of governement officials
FN: a powerful head of a major company, especially with respect to a particular industry
FN: In terms of a monarchical government, the royal heir to kingship
FN: the government under a given leader
FN: a ranking within various militaries around the world
FN: a politician that represents a constituent in a democratic government
FN: the head of a business, law, or government agency
FN: a prince
FN: an elected official working in the legislature; one who makes the laws
FN: supervise in the administrative funtions of
FN: the person in charge of a subsection of the government, i.e. the Secretary of Defense
FN: An official who works to create legislation
FN: to lead (usually used metaphorically, with effort, plan, project, etc. as the direct object).
See: chief executive officer.n
FN: the highest ranking executive in charge of total management of a company or organization.
FN: a person who is in a role of authority in an institution
FN: a metonymic term for governmental actions, departments, and personnel
FN: a rule who holds absolute power
FN: a cruel ruler
FN: to preside over an organization, usually a committee, as the chair person
FN: middle rank person in charge of a public institution.
FN: the head of a public organization
FN: person in charge of a limited jurisdiction, often a county or city.
FN: a female official who is a member of congress, and especially of the US House of Representatives
FN: the head of an organization, company, university, or trade union.
FN: second to the president of an organzation, company, university, or trade union.
FN: have control (over some jurisdiction or group).