<def-root>The <fen>Payer</fen> is (legally) forced to pay a <fen>Fine</fen> by an official <fen>Speaker</fen> as a punishment for some action (the <fen>Reason</fen>). The <fen>Speaker</fen> represents an entity which receives the payment.
<ex><fex name="Payer">They</fex> were <t>fined</t> <fex name="Fine">approximately $3.1 billion dollars</fex> <fex name="Reason">for their knowing, malicious injury to consumers</fex>.</ex>
Compare to: Citing. </def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Speaker</fen> is the person who imposes the <fen>Fine</fen> upon the <fen>Payer</fen>.</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Instrument</fen> with which the fining is performed.</def-root>
<def-root>The action that is taken that results in punishement/reward.
<ex>His parents <t>disciplined</t> him <fex name="Means">by taking away his toys</fex>.</ex>
<ex>The Bar Association <t>rewarded</t> her <fex name="Means">by host a lunch in her honor</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>Where the event takes place.</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Purpose</fen> for which an intentional act is performed.
<ex>John <t>flattered</t> her <fex name="Purpose">to receive a raise</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>When the event occurs.</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Payer</fen> is the person or thing about whom/which a judgment is made. With verbs this FE is typically expressed as Object:
<ex>The mental control officer <t>fined</t> <fex name="Payer">you</fex> for your lack of diligence.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>A description of the event (or state) not covered by more specific FEs, including secondary effects (<ment>quietly, loudly</ment>) and general descriptions comparing events (<ment>the same way</ment>). In addition, it may indicate salient characteristics of the <fen>Speaker</fen> that also affect the action (<ment>presumptuously, coldly, deliberately, eagerly, carefully</ment>). </def-root>
<def-root>Typically, there is a constituent expressing the <t>Reason</t> for the Judge's judgment. It is usually a <ment>for</ment>-PP, e.g. I <t>admire</t> you <fex name="Reason">for your intellect</fex>. For some words in this domain, the Reason frame element is obligatory. That is to say, the overt expression of this frame element may only be omitted when the reason for the judgment is understood from context. For example, the sentence 'I <t>blame</t> you!' can only be uttered when it is clear what the addressee is being blamed for. </def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Result</fen> of an event.</def-root>
<def-root>The money given to expiate some debt for transgression.
<ex>Pat paid <fex name="Money">14 dollars</fex> in <t>fines</t>.</ex>
</def-root>
<def-root>In some cases, price or payment is described per unit of Goods.
<ex><fex name="Rate">The manager</fex> <t>pays</t> the paper boys <fex name="Rate">five dollars an hour</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>This FE is any <fen>Unit</fen> in which goods or services can be measured.
Generally, it occurs in a by-PP.
<ex>Bob <t>sells</t> peppers <fex name="Unit">by weight</fex>.</ex>
<ex>Lee <t>buys</t> potatoes <fex name="Unit">by the pound</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The imposition of a debt due to culpable behavior.</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Degree</fen> to which the <fen>Fine</fen> is punitive to the <fen>Payer</fen>.
<ex>Employers that hire foreigners without work permits are punishable by law and may be <t>fined</t> <fex name="Degree">considerably</fex></ex></def-root>
Rewards_and_punishments
Commerce_collect
Citing
COD: punish by a fine.
COD: a sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court of law or other authority.
COD: the compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state.
COD: a sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for a loss or injury.
FN: to fine an amount that is fixed by a court
FN: a summons or warning given to a traffic-law violator
COD: issue with a ticket.
FN: punish with a fine.