<def-root>Words in this frame have to do with a <fen>Cognizer</fen> adding some <fen>Phenomenon</fen> to their model of the world. They are similar to Coming-to-believe words, except the latter generally involve reasoning from Evidence.
<ex></ex>
The words in this frame take direct objects that denote entities in the world, and indicate awareness of those entities, without necessarily giving any information about the content of the <fen>Cognizer</fen>'s belief or knowledge. These words also resemble perception words, since creatures often become aware of things by perceiving them.
<ex><fex name="T">Later that night</fex>, <fex name="Cog">they</fex> <t>found</t> <fex name="Phen">the barely-alive victim</fex> <fex name="Ground">inside the Red Hall estate flat</fex>.</ex>
<ex><fex name="T">Almost immediately</fex>, <fex name="Cog">the police</fex> <t>discovered</t> <fex name="Phen">the wrought-iron crypt gate</fex> <fex name="State">swinging open</fex>.</ex>
<ex><fex name="Ground">In the bag on the table</fex><fex name="Cog">I</fex> could <fex name="Deg">vaguely</fex><t>discern</t> <fex name="Phen">two bottles of wine and several cartons of cakes and other goodies</fex>.</ex>
<ex><fex name="Cog">People passing through</fex> <t>recognize</t> <fex name="Phen">it</fex> <fex name="Ground">from afar</fex>, <fex name="Evid">by the clouds of coal dust darkening the air</fex>.</ex>
General Grammatical Observations: Passive forms of the verbs in this frame can occur with extraposed clauses expressing <fen>Phenomenon</fen>:
<ex>That year it was <t>discovered</t> <fex name="Phen">that consumers preferred the older model</fex>.</ex>
<ex>It is not always <t>recognized</t> <fex name="Phen">how much work goes into a dinner party</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Cognizer</fen> is the person who becomes aware of a <fen>Phenomenon</fen>. It is normally expressed as an External Argument.
<ex><fex name="Cog">Pat</fex> <t>discovered</t> a great little restaurant in Soho.</ex> </def-root>
<def-root>Thm <fen>Phenomenon</fen> is the entity or situation in the world of which a <fen>Cognizer</fen> becomes aware. It is normally expressed as an Object:
<ex>Pat <t>discovered</t> <fex name="Phenomenon">a great little restaurant</fex> in Soho.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Ground</fen> is the background or context against which a <fen>Cognizer</fen> becomes aware of a <fen>Phenomenon</fen>. It is normally expressed by a locative PP:
<ex>Pat <t>discovered</t> a great little restaurant <fex name="Ground">in Soho</fex>.</ex>
<ex>I <t>noticed</t> a hint of sarcasm <fex name="Ground">in her voice</fex>. </ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>State</fen> indicates the state or situation of the <fen>Phenomenon</fen> at the time when the <fen>Cognizer</fen> becomes aware of it. It is normally expressed by a Predicate expression (e.g. a PP or a participial VP):
<ex>We <t>discovered</t> the children <fex name="State">playing in the pantry</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Evidence</fen> is some fact that allows the <fen>Cognizer</fen> to become aware of something. It is normally expressed with PP-<ment>from</ment>:
<ex>We <t>discovered</t> <fex name="Evidence">from their job performance</fex> that they were well-trained.</ex>
</def-root>
<def-root>This FE identifies the <fen>Degree</fen> to which becoming aware is occurring.
<ex>Sue could <fex name="Deg">faintly</fex> <t>discern</t> the shape of a skull under Cheeks ' plump face.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>This FE identifes the <fen>Manner</fen> in which becoming aware occurs.
<ex>Pupils <fex name="Manr">quickly</fex> <t>discern</t> what is acceptable to the teacher and merely aim to fulfil those expectations.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>This FE identifes the <fen>Means</fen> by which the <fen>Cognizer</fen> becomes aware of the <fen>Phenomenon</fen>.
<ex><fex name="Mns">By opening the book to page 10</fex>, you will <t>find</t> the Van Eerdens' number.</ex></def-root>
<def-root><fen>Topic</fen> indicates the general field within which the <fen>Phenomenon</fen> is found.
<ex>Scientists attempt to make <t>discoveries</t> <fex name="Top">about the laws of nature</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>This FE identifies the <fen>Time</fen> when the <fen>Cognizer</fen> becomes aware of the <fen>Phenomenon</fen>.
<ex>Robbie had wondered if they would be able to <t>find</t> the path <fex name="T">at night</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>The goal that the <fen>Cognizer</fen> has in mind, which they believe to be accomplishable by finding the <fen>Phenomenon</fen>.</def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Cognizer</fen> uses an <fen>Instrument</fen> to (enable themselves to) become aware of the <fen>Phenomenon</fen>. In some cases, the <fen>Instrument</fen> may appear in subject position.
<ex>Olson says the deputy came out to the farm and <t>detected</t> a radioactive substance <fex name="ins">with his Geiger counter</fex>.</ex></def-root>
<def-root>his frame element is defined as the number of times an event occurs per some unit of time. A Frequency expression answers the question how often. </def-root>
<def-root>Circumstances describe the state of the world (at a particular time and place) which is specifically independent of the event itself and any of its participants. </def-root>
<def-root>The <fen>Explanation</fen> denotes a proposition from which the main clause (headed by the target) logically follows. This often means that the <fen>Explanation</fen> causes the target's proposition, but not in all cases. </def-root>
<def-root>Expressions marked with this extra-thematic FE modify a non-iterative use of the target, and indicate that it is conceived as embedded within an iterated series of similar events or states. In addition, most expressions of Particular_iteration indicate which instance of the series is being referred to.</def-root>
<def-root>This FE is minimally distinct from Duration and Duration_of final_state in that the clause described is conveyed to be iterative.
</def-root>
Perception
Scrutiny
COD: become aware of (a fact or situation).
COD: the action or process of discovering or being discovered.
FN: to perceive a phenomenon, either by chance or deliberately
COD: pay attention to.
COD: become aware of.
COD: identify as already known; know again.
COD: become aware of.
COD: catch sight of.
COD: see, notice, or recognize (someone or something) that is difficult to detect or sought-after.
COD: catch sight of
FN: to recognize with the eyes or other senses
FN: to discover an entity or a piece of knowledge without attempting to do so
FN: notice
FN: to catch sight of, discover
FN: discover unintentionally or unexpectedly
FN: encounter a new phenomenon
FN: discover a new phenomenon.
FN: to encounter a new phenomenon and attribute the encounter to luck
COD: discover or identify the presence or existence of.
FN: unexpectedly discover
FN: (usually of eyes) encounter unexpectedly
COD: come across by chance.
COD: become aware of by information or from observation.
FN: detect a phenomenon
COD: become aware or conscious of.
FN: discover information or a fact.
FN: to recognize with one or more of the senses
FN: to percieve oneself as being in a certain location or state